What Is the BAT Dog Training Method?

You’re walking your dog when an off-lead Lab comes sprinting your way. You know your anxious dog is about to freak out. The Lab’s parent shouts: “Don’t worry, she’s friendly!” It’s meant to reassure you, but few phrases are more terrifying when you know your dog is going to bark or lunge at the pup. 

What do you do? You might try correcting your dog – but it’s actually not the best time to teach them a lesson. It doesn’t make them feel any better, though they may stop growling, which is their way of letting you know they’re uncomfortable. Shutting off your dog’s warning system makes their behaviour more unpredictable and, therefore, dangerous. (It’s like taking the batteries out of your smoke alarm instead of dealing with the fire.) 

A better idea is to use a proactive training method called Behaviour Adjustment Training (BAT), which helps desensitise your dog to triggers (like an energetic puppy). If your dog gets frustrated, anxious or fearful in social situations, it’s worth giving BAT a shot. Here’s a primer to help you get started. 

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What is behaviour adjustment training (BAT)?

With BAT, you set up scenarios similar to situations that would cause a reaction from your dog but that are different enough that the dog can explore the area and learn about the trigger at their own pace. BAT gives dogs a reality check. Dogs who would usually overreact have a chance to slow down and learn from experiences that contradict their negative expectations.

Here’s how that reality check works. Your dog comes into a situation expecting XYZ to happen. That means they’re ready to respond in a certain way and interpret the situation through that lens. When XYZ doesn’t happen, it creates an ‘expectancy violation’, which can drastically change your dog’s outlook. Carefully orchestrated positive interactions can alter the way your dog responds to triggers. For example, my dog was terrified of strangers, and BAT helped him learn that people were not scary, but fun. He now solicits attention and affection from people he’s never met.

The chance to fully explore a situation and learn about a trigger is one of the biggest differences between BAT and other force-free techniques. Behaviour exists to have an effect, and having effective behavioural strategies is one of the basic needs of all animals. Giving your dog control over stressors has a range of benefits, including better concentration and improved social skills, a healthier immune system and resilience to stress. 

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BAT training set-ups are situations that a dog can manage without significant help. We can maximise empowerment by putting treats away and following the dog as they explore. Following your dog may contradict everything you’ve learnt about training. You may have heard that you have to be a dominant leader, or that you and your treats have to be the centre of your dog’s universe. BAT has a different approach, and it works.

The three components of BAT

BAT’s emphasis is on empowerment – on teaching dogs that they can use behaviour to control their own safety.

1. Lead skills

You’ll learn specific ways you can handle a long lead so your dog can move about freely and still be under control for safety. BAT lead skills can be used with all dogs and puppies for socialisation and to reduce pulling. There are about 10 lead skills to practice, including ways to shorten the line without tangling it, staying out of your dog’s way, holding the lead so you can’t accidentally let go, getting your dog’s attention with soft strokes on the lead, and gently bringing your dog to a stop.

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For example, you can use the ‘slow stop’ technique to keep your dog from getting too close to a trigger before they’re ready. To do a slow stop, gradually slow your walking and gently squeeze on the lead, letting some slide through. Think of it as gradually depressing a car’s brake pedal. If your dog suddenly slams to a stop, they’re more likely to overreact to the trigger than if they are slowly brought to a halt. After you stop your dog, relax the lead a little bit so they’re not restrained. (There are several more lead skills, each with a specific function.)

2. Survival skills

They’re not the main point of BAT, but they keep your dog from having a bad experience that may set back training. They’re what you use to get through situations that your dog can’t handle yet. For example, if you’re walking down the street with your dog (who often barks at children) and you see a child coming towards you, you could: cross the street, walk in an arc around the child, or cue your dog to look at you and/or feed treats as the two of you pass by. There are many ways to help your dog cope with trouble when they’re not ready to do it on their own.

One BAT survival skill is called ‘mark and move’, where you use some sort of marker signal – say, a clicker – to pinpoint a behaviour, like noticing the trigger, sniffing the trigger, blinking, or turning away. After marking, you encourage your dog to move away and then give them a reinforcer, such as a treat or a toy. Mark and move is basically just clicker training with movement, and is used for surprises on walks or when your dog first greets a trigger in the early stages of training.

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Most people don’t want to use treats forever to keep their dog calm, and the good news is, you won’t have to. When you do enough of the training set-ups, your dog will start to handle more situations on their own. BAT set-ups build a solid communication system with your dog so if they ever need your help, you’ll know.

3. BAT set-ups

These are safe scenarios where your dog can socialise naturally and interact with triggers in positive ways. I recommend doing your first sessions with a Certified BAT Instructor or other experienced professional trainer. The example that follows will give you a taste of what BAT looks like, but it’s better to know the full technique before using it.

Let’s say your dog’s main issue is that he barks at children from 25ft away. In a BAT set-up with your friend’s child, your dog would ideally be wearing a harness and be on a 15ft lead. The child could sit at a picnic table with her mum at the far end of a park, say, 100ft away from you. You and the other adult(s) have phones so you can communicate with one another during the exercise. If you think there’s any risk of your dog biting, have a barrier around the child or pre-train your dog to wear a muzzle.

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Follow your dog casually as they walk around. At some point, your dog might notice the child and go back to sniffing. Simply follow, letting out the lead when needed, then catching up and shortening it again. Let your dog choose the route, resisting the temptation to lead your dog towards the child. To someone watching, it would look like your dog is looking for a place to pee, or maybe sniffing out squirrels – like a dog exploring the area, with an occasional interest in the child.

As your dog wanders, they may stay relaxed but gradually move closer to the child, which is great. If your dog starts to really focus on the child, perhaps by walking in a straight line towards her, do a slow stop and relax the lead. You could also walk at an angle that leads your dog away from the child and then stop, waiting for your dog to turn away. Keep the lead loose and don’t call your dog unless your dog is really having trouble. If you need to frequently redirect your dog, you may be too close, or the working environment may not encourage enough exploration. There are more details, but that’s the general idea.

BAT is kind of boring, actually, and that’s a good thing. Couldn’t you use a little less drama on your walks?